In microbiology, we usually use the words “micro sample” when we are talking about microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
In research, it just means a small sample. For example, a micro sample in a laboratory might mean looking at and working with samples smaller than 50 microliters. Or put another way, it is a sample that is 0.05 ml. So imagine 1 ml of water or any other liquid. That is small. This is even smaller than half that!
It could mean some measure with micro in the front such as 20 microlitres or 20 micrograms. Micro means one millionth (1×10−6 = 0.000001) and is usually represented with μ symbol (Greek letter mu) so 20 micrograms can be written as 20 μg and is 20 * 0.000001 g = 0.000020 g.
Of course it could just mean a very small sample, and what counts as small depends on the context.
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Andrew commented on :
It could mean some measure with micro in the front such as 20 microlitres or 20 micrograms. Micro means one millionth (1×10−6 = 0.000001) and is usually represented with μ symbol (Greek letter mu) so 20 micrograms can be written as 20 μg and is 20 * 0.000001 g = 0.000020 g.
Of course it could just mean a very small sample, and what counts as small depends on the context.